The Longevity of the Persian Empire

The Longevity of the Persian Empire The first Persian (or Achaemenid) realm, as built up by Cyrus the Great in the sixth century B.C., just kept going around 200 years until the passing of Darius III in 330 B.C., following his annihilation by Alexander the Great. The center regions of the domain were then managed by Macedonian lines, essentially the Seleucids, until the late second century BC. During the mid second century B.C., be that as it may, the Parthians (who were not Persians but instead plunged from a part of the Scythians) set up another realm in eastern Iran, initially in a breakaway area of the Seleucid domain. Throughout the following 50 years, they slowly took over a significant part of the remainder of what had once been Persian-controlled region, including Media, Persia, and Babylonia to their possessions. Roman essayists of the early majestic period some of the time allude to either ruler doing battle with Persia, yet this is actually a wonderful or obsolete method of alluding to the Parthian realm. Sassanid Dynasty The Parthians (likewise alluded to as the Arsacid administration) stayed in charge until the mid third century A.D., yet at that point their state was genuinely debilitated by in-battling and they were toppled by the local Persian Sassanid line, who were activist Zoroastrians. As indicated by Herodian, the Sassanids made a case for all the domain once governed by the Achaemenids (quite a bit of which was currently in Roman hands) and, at any rate for promulgation purposes, chose to imagine that the a long time since the passing of Darius III had never occurred! They kept on shaving ceaselessly at A roman area for the following 400 years, in the end coming to control the greater part of the regions once administered by Cyrus et al. This all self-destructed, be that as it may, when the Roman ruler Heraclius propelled a fruitful counter-intrusion in A.D. 623-628, which tossed the Persian state into absolute mayhem from which it never recuperated. Presently a short time later, the Muslim swarms attacked and Persia lost its autonomy until the sixteenth century when the Safavid administration came to control. Exterior of Continuity The Shahs of Iran kept up the misrepresentation of a solid congruity from the times of Cyrus, and the last one holding a colossal expo in 1971 to praise the 2500th commemoration of the Persian domain, however he wasnt tricking anybody acquainted with the historical backdrop of the area. While the Persian Empire appears to have overshadowed all others, Persia was an extraordinary force in 400 B.C. also, controlled a significant part of the Ionian coast. We likewise know about Persia a lot later at the hour of Hadrian and, apparently, Rome kept away from delayed clash with this opponent force.

Oil and Gas Exploration and Production

Question: Talk about the issues concerning the procedure of exchange and crucial Vision of the Government corresponding to Negotiation? Answer: Presentation Countries that are wealthy in regular assets will in general utilize these assets to get reserves. The administrations of these asset rich countries go into oil and gaseous petrol contracts with the universal oil organizations. The universal oil organizations is consequently empowered to create and investigate these assets. These exchanges are exceptionally testing in the current occasions. The exchange procedure is an extremely testing perspective as a great deal is in question, and a ton of research, information and specialized skill is required to get a decent deal at these arrangement forms. The oil-rich countries respect the oil and gas assets to be the benefits of the country all in all and not the property of individual individuals from the general public, independent of the rights over the surface land. Oil-rich countries are anxious to include the cooperation of the worldwide oil organizations for the investigation of their normal assets. These oil organizations are well prepared for abusing and showcasing the said assets. The administrations faces numerous issues while arranging the provisions of the agreement. This is inferable from the way that oil organizations have high information in regards to the investigation forms and furthermore they are exceptionally knowledgeable about arranging these agreements. The oil organizations for the most part get a decent deal on these agreements. The oil organizations approach these agreements in a critical, forceful nad unbendable way (3 oil gas contracts for Aker Kvaerner, 2007). In this paper, we will assess the different parts of oil and gas dealings between the legislatures and the universal oil organizations and would underline the critical zones of these agreements which the administrations should remember while arranging the oil and flammable gas contracts (Ario et al., 2013). Issues concerning the procedure of exchange The oil contracts rise out of the immediate exchange between the gatherings, and different complex issues are engaged with these kinds of agreements. The different elements that the legislatures must remember while experiencing a procedure of exchange for oil and gaseous petrol agreements might be summed up as follows; Time Factor Time assumes a significant job in the exchange procedure of the oil and gas contracts. These agreements are, all things considered, reliant on time responsive variables, similar to, the monetary and political circumstance which is pervasive in the host nation and the chance of variety of such factors in future; the current market cost of oil as oil costs change extensively. Remembering these elements the oil contracts should be drafted. The particulars of the agreement must be with the end goal that they wind up enduring the test of time (Babusiaux, 2004). Such endurance is just conceivable if the conditions of the agreement are receptive to the predictable just as unforeseeable changes and requests. The main answer for the issue of managing the consistently changing conditions is to make the agreements receptive to such changes and not static. The drafting of the provisions of the agreements must be with the end goal that on the off chance that, the guidelines and guidelines administering investigation or the laws of the host nation change, the legislature ought to repay the oil organizations (Bantekas, 2009). Interests of the Indigenous Communities The oil contracts are gone into between the oil organizations and the administrations, yet there are many partners of these agreements. For example, the indigenous networks, the surface land proprietors. These gatherings of people are not part of the proper arrangement process, however their inclinations need to thought about while going into these agreements. The administration needs to set sure that the expectations of the indigenous networks are met through the procedure of exchange. For the most part the indigenous networks request occupations and pay. Since, many-a-times the oil organizations make duties yet don't meet the responsibilities, the legislatures should find a way to guarantee that such duties are met (Bath, 2012). Straightforwardness The mediators must direct the exchange procedure in a straightforward way. Truth be told, straightforwardness of the exchange procedure is one of the angles which guarantees that the agreements are worthy to the general population. By straightforwardness, we imply that the particulars of the agreement and the thought included must be uncovered to general society on the loose. Straightforwardness is a mode by which debasement might be controlled. In the event that the administration authorities know that the particulars of the agreement are vulnerable to being scrutinized by the general population, they will hinder from joining such terms in the agreement (Bindemann, 2000). Irreconcilable circumstance Irreconcilable circumstance is a typical component of these agreements. From one perspective, the legislature is going about as a business element with the rationale of benefit boost out of the arrangements then again the administration needs to go about as a defender of the interests of the general population and endeavor to charge the support of the oil organizations (Bret-Rouzaut and Favennec, 2011). So the administration needs to assume double jobs of going about as a fruitful business arbitrator, and furthermore it must remember open great. Moderators The group that would arrange the agreements for the benefit of the administration must be picked cautiously. The procedure of exchange is a workmanship. A decent moderator is sufficiently proficient to isolate the debatable variables, for example, pay from the non debatable ones like offering significance to the worries of the oil organizations. The oil organizations has a high ground in these exchange forms on account of their experience, specialized skill, and budgetary security. Since the administrations of the host nations by and large come up short on these assets they should enlist gifted arbitrators having skill in all the viewpoints that are engaged with an oil contract. The moderators should remember that the motivation behind the arrangement is to arrive at a commonly pleasing point that serves the inertest of the two gatherings concerned. Better deal in an arrangement procedure would not be conceivable without master exhortation (Contracts. Future Prices and Their Duration Left to Negotiation, 1923). Authoritative Framework The type of agreement which would be embraced to offer impact to the arrangements is one of the basic choices that the gatherings need to take. The legislature and the oil organizations may choose to go into any of the accompanying kinds of agreements; Permitting or Concession Agreements These understandings are stylish since the start of the 1900s. Under this sort of understanding, the oil organizations secures selective rights for investigating, creating and selling the oil or the minerals for a particular period. These are single finished agreements. This is one of the regularly utilized methods of shrinking by the oil organizations and the administrations of the oil-rich countries. The host organizations gets singular amount reward from the oil organizations as thought of conceding the elite rights (Crump, 2011). These agreements are invaluable for the administrations of creating nations. This is a straight forward method of contracting between the gatherings. Indeed, the degree of exhortation and bolster required for going into this kind of agreement is far less. Be that as it may, this kind of agreement isn't liberated from drawback. The business part of the exchange procedure is a disservice to the forming nations when going into this sort of agreement. Joint Venture Agreement A joint endeavor understanding is gone into between parties when the gatherings are consensual about going into a joint endeavor as for oil investigation. While going into a joint endeavor, the gatherings concerned must have satisfactory information about the intrigue, business modes and objectives of one another (Ghandi and Lin, 2014). In the event that the gatherings are not consensual on these perspectives, the joint endeavor would not be a triumph. Inferable from the open-finished nature of the joint endeavor understandings neither the administrations nor the oil organizations are quick to go into this kind of understandings. The main preferred position that the administration can get by going into joint endeavor is that it is ready to depend on the mastery of the organizations and would not need to settle on choices all alone. The administration is in a situation to impart benefits to the oil organizations under this kind of understanding. There is additionally a hazard related with the procedure of benefit sharing. The administration should share the related dangers and expenses alongside the oil organization. This sort of agreement draws in the immediate interest of the legislature of the host nation. Creation Sharing Agreements (alluded to as the PSA') The exceptional part of this sort of understanding is that the residents of the host nation are in actuality the proprietors of the oil and minerals and not private substances. The obligation of working and dealing with the oil assets lies with the oil organizations. The PSA is like a permitting understanding in numerous angles. In both these understandings, the administration of the host nation gets a marking reward. The costs of activity are to repaid by the administration to the oil organizations. Current consumption must be repaid promptly, and repayment of capital use might be done over years. The oil organizations under this understanding need to pay charges pertinent under the laws of the host nation yet by and large the administration will in general forgo the duties and the sum is remembered for the benefits of the legislature. In the event that the current legitimate framework in the host nation isn't precise, a PSA would not be fruitful (Jennings, 2002). This sort of understanding is extremely invaluable for the legislatures as totally connected dangers with oil investigation are vested on the oil organizations. The main use of the host government is the cost that it needs to bring about for appropriate arrangement. Indeed, even if there should be an occurrence of disappointment of the exp

What to Do if You Think Your Identity Has Been Stolen

What to Do if You Think Your Identity Has Been Stolen What to Do if You Think Your Identity Has Been Stolen What to Do if You Think Your Identity Has Been StolenHaving your identity stolen could jeopardize your credit rating and your entire financial future for years to come. Heres what you need to do.We recently discussed how to check your credit report for errors and what to do if you find them. In that post, we noted that sometimes errors can be a sign of fraud or identity theft, so we wanted to dive a little deeper into what you do if it happens to you.Spoiler alert: It happened to this writer when reviewing her credit report on the advice of this blog! There they were: two unfamiliar hard credit checks. It really can happen to anyoneâ€"it happened to an estimated 14.4 million people last yearâ€"even if you are as careful as can be with your private information. There’s no way around giving some companies your information, and when they have giant data breachesâ€"like Equifax did in 2017â€"millions of people are more vulnerable to fraud and identity theft.Remember, unscrupulous credi t checks can negatively impact your credit, nevermind if someone is able to open accounts in your name, run up debts, and never pay them. If you already have poor credit or are just starting to build credit, these actions can be especially devastating to your finances and credit score, leaving you vulnerable to predatory no credit check loans, bad credit loans, payday loans, and more when you need to borrow money.So what do you do if it happens to YOU?1. Report fraud / ID theft to the police.Your first step when you think you might be the victim of fraud or identity theft? File a report with the police, according to Justin Lavelle, Chief Communications Officer with  BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified).“This acts as your first official documentation that a crime has taken place,” says Lavelle. “Furthermore, many businesses and agencies require a police report as fraud-and-identity-theft proof before going through with their own investigations.”2. Alert the credit bureaus.If you found suspicious activity on one of your credit reports, you should alert the credit bureau in question as soon as possible. Remember, credit bureaus report differently, so you may see suspicious information on one report but not others. Sometimes you can file a dispute online, and sometimes you’ll have to call. This writer had to call. The service person opened the dispute immediately, the case was investigated, and the suspicious activity was removed from her report within twenty-four hours.The credit bureau followed up by mail to confirm the dispute results, and let her know that they contacted the other two credit bureaus about the incident on her behalf in the form of a fraud alert, which stays attached to the accounts for one year. However, it is advised that you contact all three bureaus directly yourself, just to be on the safe side.It also alerted her that they sent information to the vendor that requested the information from the credit bureau in the first place, instruc ting them to review the information and update their records as necessary.The credit bureau even let her know that, in addition to the three free credit reports that everyone has access to each year, she was entitled to an additional free credit report to help me monitor the situation.3. Alert related companies, if applicableThe credit bureau representative she talked to strongly recommended that she also contact the vendor who requested her information on her own, since a fraudster can exploit accounts for some time before it becomes apparent to victims or the accounts themselves.Some companies have their own portals for documenting potential fraud and identity theft. Be sure to carefully follow instructions, provide all the required documentation, and meet all deadlines to ensure your dispute is processed.4. Alert the Federal Trade Commission.Another agency to contact is the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) via IdentityTheft.gov. “If you suspect you are the victim of identity thef t, immediately report it to the FTC,” says Holly Zink, a scam and identity theft expert for  Kiwi Searches  (@kiwisearches). “You just tell them what happened by following the prompts on their site, and they will initially provide you with some information on some actions you can take.”The IdentityTheft.gov website also houses lots of information and resources about identity theft. For example, if you know exactly what information, such as a social security number, was lost or stolen (not always the case)â€"or if you’ve been alerted that you may be the victim of a specific data breachâ€"the website provides tips for what to do in each situation.5. Assess your financial accounts.This includes all your bank accounts and credit cards. “Keep an eye on your bank and credit accounts for any suspicious activity,” says   Lavelle. “If you see a charge that you don’t recognize it, immediately contact your bank or credit card services to contest it.”Zink also recommends setti ng up fraud alerts with your bank. “Your bank will call, email, or text message you if there are suspicious charges on your account,” she says. This can usually be done online, and you can usually customize the dollar amount that prompts an alert.6. Consider additional protection.When you report fraud or identity theft to credit bureaus, you’ll be given the option of placing a free one-year fraud alert on your credit report. You have to do this individually which each of the three big credit reporting agencies: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.A fraud alert lets lenders (or anyone seeking information from your credit report) know that your account has been compromised and encourages them to take extra steps in order to verify your identity. In some cases, you may be able to get an extended seven-year fraud alert by filing an FTC identity theft report.Lavelle also recommends considering a credit freeze, which again, needs to be requested individually with each individual credi t reporting bureau. This will prevent any entity from accessing your credit information without your permission. “They will alert businesses and loan distributors of fraud and identity theft linked to your name and social security number. Thus, no one (including you) can request credit or loan services,” says Lavelle.If you know you are going to apply for something, such as aâ€"personal loanâ€"that requires a credit check, you will need to plan to manually unfreeze your account with a special pin number. It does not immediately unfreeze, which can be a pain, but it’s the only way to completely control who can access your credit information.You can also sign up for a credit monitoring service, which all three credit bureaus, as well as other entities, offer. Credit monitoring will alert you to any changes to your credit information, so you can verify them right away and deal with suspicious activity as soon as possible. If you have been the victim of a data breach, you may be e ntitled to free credit monitoring services.Final thoughts.Zink warns that adults are not the only victims of identity theft. “Many dont consider that a childs identity can be stolen,” she says. “With children not having a credit or job history, they are the perfect target. It usually takes many years for anyone to realize a child is a victim of identity theft.”Lavelle adds that elders can also be targets. “The elderly are at great risk for identity theft because they tend to more easily trust others with their personal information,” he says, “In addition, the fact that they didn’t grow up with the internet may make it a challenge for them to understand the steps they must take to protect their identity online.To learn more about how you can protect your identity and your money from scams and fraudsters, check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoans:8 Tips to Spot an Online ImposterAre You Haunted by Phantom Debts?10 Scams That Target the ElderlyExpert Round up: 13 Signs You’re Being ScammedDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |InstagramContributorsJustin Lavelle is Chief Communications Officer for  BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified)  and a leading expert on identity theft and scams. BeenVerified is  a leading source of online background checks and contact information. It allows individuals to find more information about people including: phone numbers, email addresses, property records, marital status, and criminal records in a way that’s fast, easy, and affordable.Holly Zink  is an online scam and identity theft expert for  Kiwi Searches  (@kiwisearches).  Kiwi Searches is an easy-to-use person search website, providing customers with information about people, phone numbers, and locations.

Karl Marx And Manifesto Comparison Essay - 1402 Words

Philosophy has shaped the world in almost everything we have done. Philosophy causes everyone to at least question the norms of society and situations. This makes a healthy pattern for society. If we never were to question anything we would just be blind sheep who follow whatever they are told. Many philosophers challenge the norms in a hope to make things better. Karl Marx and Buddha were very influential people in the world of Philosophy and are some of the pioneers of challenging the routine and normal perception of things and ideas. They had their own ideas that helped shaped the practices and things that people do today. They both can be very different in how they would answer basic questions regarding philosophy. Even though, they†¦show more content†¦Marx would think that human ignorance would come from greed and lack of knowledge. With his views on Capitalistic systems you could understand that he thinks money and ignorance play into the unfair Capitalist system. He believed people are ignorant of the people around them and it is in our nature to do so. In most situations we are ignorant due to greed and knowledge. According to Karl Marx’s Social and Political Thoughts, â€Å"Only ignorance, religious superstition, and selfishness stood in the way of the needed resolution and reconstruction.† Marx says that ignorance is one of the factors in stopping a full change in any system. Marx especially believed this for the capitalistic system. What would Karl marx think of how to achieve enlightenment? Enlightenment in a philosophical standpoint would to be aware and self acting of your actions and not controlled by outside beings or thinkers. Karl Marx would think that enlightenment would be when one is not ignorant of the situation around them and to lose the power of greed and money in ones life. Marx would aline with a socialist perspective of enlightenment which in his eyes would be to free himself and everyone from the chains of a corrupt system. According to Cyril Smith in the Hegel, Marx and the Enlightenment: an Interim Report, â€Å"It was this Enlightenment conception which underlay the idea of nearly all varieties of socialism. The socialists wanted to overcome the lunacy ofShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx And Robert B. Reich And Their View On Economics1584 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion: Karl Marx and Robert B. Reich and their view on Economics† â€Å"All previous historical movements were movements of minorities, or in the interest of minorities. The proletarian movement is the self-conscious, independent movement of the immense majority. The proletariat, the lowest stratum of our present society, cannot stir, cannot raise itself up without the whole superincumbent strata of official society being sprung into the air.† (Page 222). Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto. ThisRead MoreThe Manifesto Of The Communist Party Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The Manifesto of the Communist party is a book written in 1847, by a group of radical workers part the â€Å"Communist League.† Including the radical workers, the group comprised of Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels. They met in London to write a manifesto on their behalf, which would be famously known as the Communist Manifesto. Marx was the principle author, while Engels was mainly focused on editing and assisting. The Communist Manifesto was originally published in London in 1848. TheRead MoreWhy Was There a Struggle Between the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat Which Would Create the Preconditions for Socialism?895 Words   |  4 Pagesto Marx and Engels in  The Manifesto of the Communist Party,  was there inevitably struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, which would create the preconditions for socialism? ___________________ The theories of Karl Marx have influenced some of the world’s greatest thinkers. Marx’s idea of the inevitable class struggle within capitalism and consequent place for a socialist society is professed within ‘The Manifesto of the Communist Party.’ It is necessary to explore why Marx andRead MoreEssay A Comparison of Capitalism and Marxism637 Words   |  3 PagesA Comparison of Capitalism and Marxism This essay will compare the economic principles of capitalism and communism by giving brief historical background on both and describing the two. I will begin with the father of economy, Adam Smith, and finish with the theories of Karl Marx. Adam Smith believed that if everyone behaves selfishly we are doing what is best for the economy of our society. This is what is known as â€Å"enlightened selfishness.† â€Å"Enlightened selfishness† is one of the main elementsRead MoreComparison Between Marx And Rousseau1138 Words   |  5 PagesDue to state laws and policies, Marx and Rousseau both agree men are not living in a free society. In western democracies today, both philosophers’ ideas are clear and visible. Rousseau and Marx both argue in their works that men seek to control property, as a way to control others. Rousseau argues in his work, discourse on the origin of inequality, that man is not equal due to the greed and selfishness of individuals who control the government. Charles Bertram argues that, â€Å" Rousseau believesRead MoreLocke vs. Marx: Views on Property Rights1466 Words   |  6 PagesLocke and Karl Marx, two of the most renowned political philosophers, had many contrasting views when it came the field of political philosophy. Most notably, private property rights ranked high among the plethora of disparities between these two individuals. The main issue at hand was whether or not private property was a natural right. Locke firmly believed that private property was an inherent right, whereas Marx argued otherwise. This essay will examine the views of both Locke and Marx on the subjectRead MoreComparison of Marx, Durkheim and Weber1622 Words   |  7 PagesResponse Pap er #1 Marx, Weber, Durkheim, introducing the godfathers of sociology. Three of the most influential theorists that are debated on and about till our present time. How have three very different individuals in history have maintained the template as we know it to understanding society, which has been over three centuries old? How is it that three different worlds and times in history, has had such familiarization not only for their respected times but a revelation to today’s systems andRead MoreSocial Inequalities During The Industrial Revolution854 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Compare the documents written by Elizabeth Bentley (Factory Work, testimony), Samuel Smiles (Thrift) as well as Karl Marx and Frederick Engels (The Communist Manifesto). To what extent do these documents address social inequalities during the industrial revolution? 768/1,500 (+785) Introduction 174/150 (-24) The advent of the Industrial Revolution in Britain created a duality of Nouveau Rich Bourgeoisie and Critically Poverty Stricken Proletariat. This was created through the move of productionRead MoreMarx vs. Weber: a Comparative Analysis1965 Words   |  8 PagesKarl Marx v. Max Weber: Comparitive Analysis C. Wright Mills places both Weber and Marx in the great tradition of what he calls the sociological imagination a quality that enables us to grasp both history biography and the relationship between the two within society. (Mills, 12) In other words both theorists were dealing with the individual and society not either one to the exclusion of the other. Mills further writes that both Marx and Weber are in that tradition of sociological theorizingRead More The Colliding Dynamics of Class Structure Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesThe rigidity of class structure is the culprit for the vast number of inequities in society. Power is concentrated in the hands of a small sector; leaving a few individuals to have more authority and influence, in comparison to others. The construction of class structure identifies the way groups are divided into social positions. Differences stemming from social position are further exemplified by the accessibility to valuable resources–such as wealth , education, occupation, and status. Those with

Technology And The Cyber World - 2173 Words

In today’s society technology is depended upon more than it ever has. Along with this growth and dependence on technology has come the advancement of wireless technology. From online banking to selling and trading goods and services from remote locations; the possibilities as a result of wireless technology are seemingly endless. Often times we as individuals carry out our everyday business utilizing this technology without ever considering one of the greatest ongoing concerns; security. As technology grows and expands so do the capabilities of our adversaries who carry strong desire to gain access to our most sensitive information. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the threats that are currently being faced in the cyber community and†¦show more content†¦(Tixteco, L., Aguirre, E., Hdez, M., Ruben, G. 2012) The next form of DoS attack is the ICMP flood which has an end goal of utilizing all of the allocated bandwidth for the target machine. (Tixteco, L., Aguirre, E., Hdez, M., Ruben, G. 2012) Typically an ICMP is used for error detection when the destination for IP packets is unreachable. (Kaushik and Joshi, 2010) an ICMP flood attack takes advantage of this process by sending a large amount of ICMP packets to the target which requires a response from the target. Once these responses reach a certain threshold there is no longer any more bandwidth that can be utilize, leaving the target incapable of handling anymore request. (Tixteco, L., Aguirre, E., Hdez, M., Ruben, G. 2012) Finally, the third type of DoS attack is a UDP or User Datagram Protocol Flood. The UDP protocol is simply another way in which similar packets to the ones mentioned above are transferred. In UDP flooding excessive numbers of UDP packets are sent to the target much like the other flooding. This difference with UDP flooding is that is likely to include some form of spoofing and requires the attacker to utilize a larger amount of processing resources, but still has the same end result as the other DoS attacks. (Tixteco, L., Aguirre, E., Hdez, M., Ruben, G. 2012) Now that we have broken down the various types of DoS attacks there is one very important unanswered question; how can these attacks be prevented? TheShow MoreRelatedThe Code Of Ethics For The Cyber Technology World2090 Words   |  9 PagesCyberethics consists of the moral, legal and social issues that involve technology used over the internet. It assesses the social policies and laws that we formulate with response to issues created by the development and use of cyber technology. 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This threat poses risks to the economy, militaries, and governments around the world. The U.S. is at the forefront of the defense of cyber security, but with the endless number of cyber terrorists, the U.S. defense is not enough. Nations need to come together to

World War II and America Free Essays

The world’s greatest war, World War II began in 1939 and lasted for almost six years. It was between two military alliances. On the axis powers were Japan, Germany and the Kingdom of Italy. We will write a custom essay sample on World War II and America or any similar topic only for you Order Now While the allies were lead by United Kingdom, China, Soviet Union and The United States of America. America was not directly involved in the war in the early stages. The necessity increased after the fall of France, the Pearl Harbor incident but mainly when Hitler declared war on U. S. This led to America’s direct involvement in the World War II and helped America to transition from a great power to a super power. World war II started by the deep seated anger in German due to the loss in World War I. Hitler a new leader in Germany transformed it from a defeated state to powerful one with a large army of up to 400,000 men which led to the breaking of the treaty of Versailles (Langley). March 16th 1935 Hitler tore up the treaty of Versailles when he started to build up his army (Nicola Barber) . Although The United States of America had always been an ally in the Second World War its direct involvement did not came after much later. In 1939 its only involvement was to provide arms and ammunition in turn of cash from countries. America was indirectly helping the allies by starving Japan of oil. Winston Churchill repeatedly tried to convince Franklin D. Roosevelt to enter the war but it was after Hitler’s declaration of war, America got directly involved in the war. In 1941 Congress had approved America’s entry into war after which military operations began. Operation Torch on North Africa became US first military operation. German forces surrendered in Tunisia in 1943 and that led to the first US British victory and proved invaluable in changing US public opinion behind the war. The second front for American military action was when Winston Churchill proposed to attack Italy even though there was an urgent need to relieve pressure on Russia from the western front. This attack led to allies invading Italian mainland leading to the capture of Rome. The United States along with other allies continued to attack the Axis powers which led to the retake of Paris in the D-Day Invasion. In the Tokyo Bombing Raids American bombers destroyed up to 250,000 buildings and killed 83,000 in massive fire bombing. It continued to play an important part in the attacks on the Axis Powers, till the end of the war where it dropped two atomic bombs in Japan bringing the war to an end. It is clearly seen by the events of the war that although America was not involved directly at first in the war it played a pivotal role once it became directly involved and it’s most important role was that of bringing the war to an end by destroying one of the main Axis powers, Japan, completely. It is often wondered how The United States Of America reached its position of dominance in the world. And it would not be wrong to link its rise a super power to the results and events of World War II. The characteristics of super power are firstly having a strong stable economy, secondly overpowering military, thirdly immense international political power and lastly strong national ideology. Before the war America was seen as a great power along with many other powerful strong nations like Russia and Britain. It was only after the war that The United States of America emerged as a strong super power and still holds that position. Even in years before the war America was amongst the largest producers in the world. At that time there was no country that had that immense power over the international system. Britain and France were in imperial decline which caused them to lose their international standing. Although America from the start had a stable economy due to the presence of natural resources like oil and steel. Yet its rise to super power was when it surpassed Europe as a major power. Europe was a part of many large destructive wars that left it completely bankrupt and destroyed most of its infra structure which lead to the fall of Europe. Europe being directly involved in wars like the World War I and World War II left it far behind in the race of super powers. America which was although involved in the World War II faced much less damaged compared to the destruction faced by Europe. Soviet Union also a major power failed in the race of super power because of the damages it faced from the World War II but mainly it dropped out because of the fall of the So that left America as the only dominating power in the world which had a stable and large economy with a huge military advantage and immense power over international matters. America was one of the main Allies in the World War II yet it did not face much destruction like other allies it continued to grow and kept its economy stable. And when the other allies failed to rise up America stood as a strong nation. Even when The United States of America was involved in World War II it was not dragged down like other allies including Britain and Soviet Union. This led to the creation of a super power. A country that before the war was just a great power became a super power. Works Cited Langley, Andrew. Living Through World War II. n. d. Nicola Barber, Ken Hills. Headlines of World War II. n. d. How to cite World War II and America, Essays

James Bond films Essay Example

James Bond films Essay James Bond is a simple secret agent based on the books by Ian Fleming that were first created in the early 1950s, but has become an international British legend and the most successful film franchise ever. In forty years, twenty films have been made starring five different actors, each film being as brilliant and unique as the previous one. The Bond formula has remained successful because of the large number of differences and similarities between each film as well as the many simple characteristics of the Bond franchise. The charm, wit and heroic figure of James Bond has for many years made men want to be Bond and women want to be with Bond. Over the forty years, James Bond has developed many trademarks which are due to the effects of music, action, special editing and of course the unique plot of each film thought up by Ian Fleming. The opening sequence of every Bond film starts off with Bond in a dinner suit walking across the screen with a point-of-view shot from the barrel of a gun. Bond then abruptly turns and shoots the person aiming the gun; blood pours down the screen, and then cuts to the next shot. Every time a person watches this sequence, they can immediately establish that it is a James Bond film not only due to the special editing, but also the music. Bond has a world famous theme tune which is another trademark. In both the credit scenes of Goldfinger and Goldeneye, the soundtrack is sung by women with very strong, powerful voices who are Tina Turner and Shirley Bassie. We will write a custom essay sample on James Bond films specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on James Bond films specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on James Bond films specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The title of the film is continuously mentioned in the song and onscreen, there are silhouettes of girls or reflections of them on gold. This effect helps the audience to establish the genre of the film. The way Bond is introduced into each film usually has an impact on the audience. In Goldeneye, the audience sees a man on a mission dressed in black, however they are denied the mans identity, therefore many questions are raised such as Who is that? and What is he doing? . Suspense builds when the man does a bungee jump and the audience wonders why and whether he will survive or not. During this sequence, sound effects also add to the tension with plenty of diagetic sounds such as his footsteps, the plane and the loud gate. As the bungee jump is performed, there is a long silent and dramatic pause that is then broken by the sound of a gunshot which turns out to be one of Bonds numerous gadgets to draw him safely towards the ground. These all give the effect of action, drama and mystery which thrill the audience because it is exactly what they expect from a Bond film. In other films, Bond does not always appear in the opening sequence, and for instance, other men, whose identities are denied, will appear during the action and then may get killed to mislead the audience to wonder whether that was Bond who just died. However in Goldfinger, Bond enters in a wetsuit underwater, in low key lighting with a seagull on his head as a disguise. This time the only mystery is what Bond is up to but the use of a seagull creates humour and cuts any tension there may be within the audience. The audience then simply has to watch as Bond typically plants a bomb in the building. Once he completes this task, he simply removes his wetsuit to reveal an immaculately dressed secret agent in a dinner suit. This is a typical image of James Bond tiny characteristics such as his sartorial elegance is exactly what makes him such a unique character. In the opening sequence of Goldeneye, the loud diagetic sound of a plane is heard from a helicopter shot of an enormous dam which cuts straight to the man on a mission. The helicopter shot achieves the image of one man against an immense monolithic adversary which emphasises Bonds heroic figure. It is also clear to see that James Bond is typically British with his unusual politeness as well as his accent and dialogue. For example, in Goldeneye, he sneaks up on an enemy in the toilets and just before he punches the man, Bond says, Beg your pardon, forgot to knock. It is his iconic Englishness that also makes Bond a unique and memorable secret agent. James Bond is admired by women for his good looks and charms; however he does not always appear to be the perfect gentleman. Bond easily knows how to seduce a woman, by simply using his charms, although the audience does notice how quickly his behaviour changes in different situations. In Goldfinger, he is seen with three different women in the first few scenes alone. After seducing each one, he first uses one woman as a shield against an attacking enemy, and then later dismisses a woman in a rude and sexist manner. He appears to be charming but is remorselessly brutal when he needs to be. The way Bond quickly seduces different women, but never thinks about a more long-term partner emphasises the idea of working alone. James Bond is always working by himself never as part of a team and this also adds to his brave and heroic figure. There is always a villain in every Bond film, usually just as brutal as Bond and will do anything to defeat him. In Goldeneye the smartly dressed villain enters with an army of men aiming guns at Bond. When one of the men try to shoot Bond after being ordered not to, he is immediately shot by the villain. Similarly to Bond, the villain is brutal and feels no remorse for his actions. It seems the villain can never be any real threat towards Bond because all James Bond films have become predictable to a certain extent and the audience knows that the chances of Bond being killed are almost impossible. It is the special features of every Bond film such as the character of Bond, girls, villains, cars, gadgets, his iconic Englishness and of course the plot, which is what makes the Bond formula so successful. The James Bond franchise is so successful that spoofs have been created to try and match its fame, such as Austin Powers, but of course these could never match the success achieved by Bond.