The Longevity of the Persian Empire

The Longevity of the Persian Empire The first Persian (or Achaemenid) realm, as built up by Cyrus the Great in the sixth century B.C., just kept going around 200 years until the passing of Darius III in 330 B.C., following his annihilation by Alexander the Great. The center regions of the domain were then managed by Macedonian lines, essentially the Seleucids, until the late second century BC. During the mid second century B.C., be that as it may, the Parthians (who were not Persians but instead plunged from a part of the Scythians) set up another realm in eastern Iran, initially in a breakaway area of the Seleucid domain. Throughout the following 50 years, they slowly took over a significant part of the remainder of what had once been Persian-controlled region, including Media, Persia, and Babylonia to their possessions. Roman essayists of the early majestic period some of the time allude to either ruler doing battle with Persia, yet this is actually a wonderful or obsolete method of alluding to the Parthian realm. Sassanid Dynasty The Parthians (likewise alluded to as the Arsacid administration) stayed in charge until the mid third century A.D., yet at that point their state was genuinely debilitated by in-battling and they were toppled by the local Persian Sassanid line, who were activist Zoroastrians. As indicated by Herodian, the Sassanids made a case for all the domain once governed by the Achaemenids (quite a bit of which was currently in Roman hands) and, at any rate for promulgation purposes, chose to imagine that the a long time since the passing of Darius III had never occurred! They kept on shaving ceaselessly at A roman area for the following 400 years, in the end coming to control the greater part of the regions once administered by Cyrus et al. This all self-destructed, be that as it may, when the Roman ruler Heraclius propelled a fruitful counter-intrusion in A.D. 623-628, which tossed the Persian state into absolute mayhem from which it never recuperated. Presently a short time later, the Muslim swarms attacked and Persia lost its autonomy until the sixteenth century when the Safavid administration came to control. Exterior of Continuity The Shahs of Iran kept up the misrepresentation of a solid congruity from the times of Cyrus, and the last one holding a colossal expo in 1971 to praise the 2500th commemoration of the Persian domain, however he wasnt tricking anybody acquainted with the historical backdrop of the area. While the Persian Empire appears to have overshadowed all others, Persia was an extraordinary force in 400 B.C. also, controlled a significant part of the Ionian coast. We likewise know about Persia a lot later at the hour of Hadrian and, apparently, Rome kept away from delayed clash with this opponent force.

Oil and Gas Exploration and Production

Question: Talk about the issues concerning the procedure of exchange and crucial Vision of the Government corresponding to Negotiation? Answer: Presentation Countries that are wealthy in regular assets will in general utilize these assets to get reserves. The administrations of these asset rich countries go into oil and gaseous petrol contracts with the universal oil organizations. The universal oil organizations is consequently empowered to create and investigate these assets. These exchanges are exceptionally testing in the current occasions. The exchange procedure is an extremely testing perspective as a great deal is in question, and a ton of research, information and specialized skill is required to get a decent deal at these arrangement forms. The oil-rich countries respect the oil and gas assets to be the benefits of the country all in all and not the property of individual individuals from the general public, independent of the rights over the surface land. Oil-rich countries are anxious to include the cooperation of the worldwide oil organizations for the investigation of their normal assets. These oil organizations are well prepared for abusing and showcasing the said assets. The administrations faces numerous issues while arranging the provisions of the agreement. This is inferable from the way that oil organizations have high information in regards to the investigation forms and furthermore they are exceptionally knowledgeable about arranging these agreements. The oil organizations for the most part get a decent deal on these agreements. The oil organizations approach these agreements in a critical, forceful nad unbendable way (3 oil gas contracts for Aker Kvaerner, 2007). In this paper, we will assess the different parts of oil and gas dealings between the legislatures and the universal oil organizations and would underline the critical zones of these agreements which the administrations should remember while arranging the oil and flammable gas contracts (Ario et al., 2013). Issues concerning the procedure of exchange The oil contracts rise out of the immediate exchange between the gatherings, and different complex issues are engaged with these kinds of agreements. The different elements that the legislatures must remember while experiencing a procedure of exchange for oil and gaseous petrol agreements might be summed up as follows; Time Factor Time assumes a significant job in the exchange procedure of the oil and gas contracts. These agreements are, all things considered, reliant on time responsive variables, similar to, the monetary and political circumstance which is pervasive in the host nation and the chance of variety of such factors in future; the current market cost of oil as oil costs change extensively. Remembering these elements the oil contracts should be drafted. The particulars of the agreement must be with the end goal that they wind up enduring the test of time (Babusiaux, 2004). Such endurance is just conceivable if the conditions of the agreement are receptive to the predictable just as unforeseeable changes and requests. The main answer for the issue of managing the consistently changing conditions is to make the agreements receptive to such changes and not static. The drafting of the provisions of the agreements must be with the end goal that on the off chance that, the guidelines and guidelines administering investigation or the laws of the host nation change, the legislature ought to repay the oil organizations (Bantekas, 2009). Interests of the Indigenous Communities The oil contracts are gone into between the oil organizations and the administrations, yet there are many partners of these agreements. For example, the indigenous networks, the surface land proprietors. These gatherings of people are not part of the proper arrangement process, however their inclinations need to thought about while going into these agreements. The administration needs to set sure that the expectations of the indigenous networks are met through the procedure of exchange. For the most part the indigenous networks request occupations and pay. Since, many-a-times the oil organizations make duties yet don't meet the responsibilities, the legislatures should find a way to guarantee that such duties are met (Bath, 2012). Straightforwardness The mediators must direct the exchange procedure in a straightforward way. Truth be told, straightforwardness of the exchange procedure is one of the angles which guarantees that the agreements are worthy to the general population. By straightforwardness, we imply that the particulars of the agreement and the thought included must be uncovered to general society on the loose. Straightforwardness is a mode by which debasement might be controlled. In the event that the administration authorities know that the particulars of the agreement are vulnerable to being scrutinized by the general population, they will hinder from joining such terms in the agreement (Bindemann, 2000). Irreconcilable circumstance Irreconcilable circumstance is a typical component of these agreements. From one perspective, the legislature is going about as a business element with the rationale of benefit boost out of the arrangements then again the administration needs to go about as a defender of the interests of the general population and endeavor to charge the support of the oil organizations (Bret-Rouzaut and Favennec, 2011). So the administration needs to assume double jobs of going about as a fruitful business arbitrator, and furthermore it must remember open great. Moderators The group that would arrange the agreements for the benefit of the administration must be picked cautiously. The procedure of exchange is a workmanship. A decent moderator is sufficiently proficient to isolate the debatable variables, for example, pay from the non debatable ones like offering significance to the worries of the oil organizations. The oil organizations has a high ground in these exchange forms on account of their experience, specialized skill, and budgetary security. Since the administrations of the host nations by and large come up short on these assets they should enlist gifted arbitrators having skill in all the viewpoints that are engaged with an oil contract. The moderators should remember that the motivation behind the arrangement is to arrive at a commonly pleasing point that serves the inertest of the two gatherings concerned. Better deal in an arrangement procedure would not be conceivable without master exhortation (Contracts. Future Prices and Their Duration Left to Negotiation, 1923). Authoritative Framework The type of agreement which would be embraced to offer impact to the arrangements is one of the basic choices that the gatherings need to take. The legislature and the oil organizations may choose to go into any of the accompanying kinds of agreements; Permitting or Concession Agreements These understandings are stylish since the start of the 1900s. Under this sort of understanding, the oil organizations secures selective rights for investigating, creating and selling the oil or the minerals for a particular period. These are single finished agreements. This is one of the regularly utilized methods of shrinking by the oil organizations and the administrations of the oil-rich countries. The host organizations gets singular amount reward from the oil organizations as thought of conceding the elite rights (Crump, 2011). These agreements are invaluable for the administrations of creating nations. This is a straight forward method of contracting between the gatherings. Indeed, the degree of exhortation and bolster required for going into this kind of agreement is far less. Be that as it may, this kind of agreement isn't liberated from drawback. The business part of the exchange procedure is a disservice to the forming nations when going into this sort of agreement. Joint Venture Agreement A joint endeavor understanding is gone into between parties when the gatherings are consensual about going into a joint endeavor as for oil investigation. While going into a joint endeavor, the gatherings concerned must have satisfactory information about the intrigue, business modes and objectives of one another (Ghandi and Lin, 2014). In the event that the gatherings are not consensual on these perspectives, the joint endeavor would not be a triumph. Inferable from the open-finished nature of the joint endeavor understandings neither the administrations nor the oil organizations are quick to go into this kind of understandings. The main preferred position that the administration can get by going into joint endeavor is that it is ready to depend on the mastery of the organizations and would not need to settle on choices all alone. The administration is in a situation to impart benefits to the oil organizations under this kind of understanding. There is additionally a hazard related with the procedure of benefit sharing. The administration should share the related dangers and expenses alongside the oil organization. This sort of agreement draws in the immediate interest of the legislature of the host nation. Creation Sharing Agreements (alluded to as the PSA') The exceptional part of this sort of understanding is that the residents of the host nation are in actuality the proprietors of the oil and minerals and not private substances. The obligation of working and dealing with the oil assets lies with the oil organizations. The PSA is like a permitting understanding in numerous angles. In both these understandings, the administration of the host nation gets a marking reward. The costs of activity are to repaid by the administration to the oil organizations. Current consumption must be repaid promptly, and repayment of capital use might be done over years. The oil organizations under this understanding need to pay charges pertinent under the laws of the host nation yet by and large the administration will in general forgo the duties and the sum is remembered for the benefits of the legislature. In the event that the current legitimate framework in the host nation isn't precise, a PSA would not be fruitful (Jennings, 2002). This sort of understanding is extremely invaluable for the legislatures as totally connected dangers with oil investigation are vested on the oil organizations. The main use of the host government is the cost that it needs to bring about for appropriate arrangement. Indeed, even if there should be an occurrence of disappointment of the exp

What to Do if You Think Your Identity Has Been Stolen

What to Do if You Think Your Identity Has Been Stolen What to Do if You Think Your Identity Has Been Stolen What to Do if You Think Your Identity Has Been StolenHaving your identity stolen could jeopardize your credit rating and your entire financial future for years to come. Heres what you need to do.We recently discussed how to check your credit report for errors and what to do if you find them. In that post, we noted that sometimes errors can be a sign of fraud or identity theft, so we wanted to dive a little deeper into what you do if it happens to you.Spoiler alert: It happened to this writer when reviewing her credit report on the advice of this blog! There they were: two unfamiliar hard credit checks. It really can happen to anyoneâ€"it happened to an estimated 14.4 million people last yearâ€"even if you are as careful as can be with your private information. There’s no way around giving some companies your information, and when they have giant data breachesâ€"like Equifax did in 2017â€"millions of people are more vulnerable to fraud and identity theft.Remember, unscrupulous credi t checks can negatively impact your credit, nevermind if someone is able to open accounts in your name, run up debts, and never pay them. If you already have poor credit or are just starting to build credit, these actions can be especially devastating to your finances and credit score, leaving you vulnerable to predatory no credit check loans, bad credit loans, payday loans, and more when you need to borrow money.So what do you do if it happens to YOU?1. Report fraud / ID theft to the police.Your first step when you think you might be the victim of fraud or identity theft? File a report with the police, according to Justin Lavelle, Chief Communications Officer with  BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified).“This acts as your first official documentation that a crime has taken place,” says Lavelle. “Furthermore, many businesses and agencies require a police report as fraud-and-identity-theft proof before going through with their own investigations.”2. Alert the credit bureaus.If you found suspicious activity on one of your credit reports, you should alert the credit bureau in question as soon as possible. Remember, credit bureaus report differently, so you may see suspicious information on one report but not others. Sometimes you can file a dispute online, and sometimes you’ll have to call. This writer had to call. The service person opened the dispute immediately, the case was investigated, and the suspicious activity was removed from her report within twenty-four hours.The credit bureau followed up by mail to confirm the dispute results, and let her know that they contacted the other two credit bureaus about the incident on her behalf in the form of a fraud alert, which stays attached to the accounts for one year. However, it is advised that you contact all three bureaus directly yourself, just to be on the safe side.It also alerted her that they sent information to the vendor that requested the information from the credit bureau in the first place, instruc ting them to review the information and update their records as necessary.The credit bureau even let her know that, in addition to the three free credit reports that everyone has access to each year, she was entitled to an additional free credit report to help me monitor the situation.3. Alert related companies, if applicableThe credit bureau representative she talked to strongly recommended that she also contact the vendor who requested her information on her own, since a fraudster can exploit accounts for some time before it becomes apparent to victims or the accounts themselves.Some companies have their own portals for documenting potential fraud and identity theft. Be sure to carefully follow instructions, provide all the required documentation, and meet all deadlines to ensure your dispute is processed.4. Alert the Federal Trade Commission.Another agency to contact is the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) via IdentityTheft.gov. “If you suspect you are the victim of identity thef t, immediately report it to the FTC,” says Holly Zink, a scam and identity theft expert for  Kiwi Searches  (@kiwisearches). “You just tell them what happened by following the prompts on their site, and they will initially provide you with some information on some actions you can take.”The IdentityTheft.gov website also houses lots of information and resources about identity theft. For example, if you know exactly what information, such as a social security number, was lost or stolen (not always the case)â€"or if you’ve been alerted that you may be the victim of a specific data breachâ€"the website provides tips for what to do in each situation.5. Assess your financial accounts.This includes all your bank accounts and credit cards. “Keep an eye on your bank and credit accounts for any suspicious activity,” says   Lavelle. “If you see a charge that you don’t recognize it, immediately contact your bank or credit card services to contest it.”Zink also recommends setti ng up fraud alerts with your bank. “Your bank will call, email, or text message you if there are suspicious charges on your account,” she says. This can usually be done online, and you can usually customize the dollar amount that prompts an alert.6. Consider additional protection.When you report fraud or identity theft to credit bureaus, you’ll be given the option of placing a free one-year fraud alert on your credit report. You have to do this individually which each of the three big credit reporting agencies: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.A fraud alert lets lenders (or anyone seeking information from your credit report) know that your account has been compromised and encourages them to take extra steps in order to verify your identity. In some cases, you may be able to get an extended seven-year fraud alert by filing an FTC identity theft report.Lavelle also recommends considering a credit freeze, which again, needs to be requested individually with each individual credi t reporting bureau. This will prevent any entity from accessing your credit information without your permission. “They will alert businesses and loan distributors of fraud and identity theft linked to your name and social security number. Thus, no one (including you) can request credit or loan services,” says Lavelle.If you know you are going to apply for something, such as aâ€"personal loanâ€"that requires a credit check, you will need to plan to manually unfreeze your account with a special pin number. It does not immediately unfreeze, which can be a pain, but it’s the only way to completely control who can access your credit information.You can also sign up for a credit monitoring service, which all three credit bureaus, as well as other entities, offer. Credit monitoring will alert you to any changes to your credit information, so you can verify them right away and deal with suspicious activity as soon as possible. If you have been the victim of a data breach, you may be e ntitled to free credit monitoring services.Final thoughts.Zink warns that adults are not the only victims of identity theft. “Many dont consider that a childs identity can be stolen,” she says. “With children not having a credit or job history, they are the perfect target. It usually takes many years for anyone to realize a child is a victim of identity theft.”Lavelle adds that elders can also be targets. “The elderly are at great risk for identity theft because they tend to more easily trust others with their personal information,” he says, “In addition, the fact that they didn’t grow up with the internet may make it a challenge for them to understand the steps they must take to protect their identity online.To learn more about how you can protect your identity and your money from scams and fraudsters, check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoans:8 Tips to Spot an Online ImposterAre You Haunted by Phantom Debts?10 Scams That Target the ElderlyExpert Round up: 13 Signs You’re Being ScammedDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |InstagramContributorsJustin Lavelle is Chief Communications Officer for  BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified)  and a leading expert on identity theft and scams. BeenVerified is  a leading source of online background checks and contact information. It allows individuals to find more information about people including: phone numbers, email addresses, property records, marital status, and criminal records in a way that’s fast, easy, and affordable.Holly Zink  is an online scam and identity theft expert for  Kiwi Searches  (@kiwisearches).  Kiwi Searches is an easy-to-use person search website, providing customers with information about people, phone numbers, and locations.

Karl Marx And Manifesto Comparison Essay - 1402 Words

Philosophy has shaped the world in almost everything we have done. Philosophy causes everyone to at least question the norms of society and situations. This makes a healthy pattern for society. If we never were to question anything we would just be blind sheep who follow whatever they are told. Many philosophers challenge the norms in a hope to make things better. Karl Marx and Buddha were very influential people in the world of Philosophy and are some of the pioneers of challenging the routine and normal perception of things and ideas. They had their own ideas that helped shaped the practices and things that people do today. They both can be very different in how they would answer basic questions regarding philosophy. Even though, they†¦show more content†¦Marx would think that human ignorance would come from greed and lack of knowledge. With his views on Capitalistic systems you could understand that he thinks money and ignorance play into the unfair Capitalist system. He believed people are ignorant of the people around them and it is in our nature to do so. In most situations we are ignorant due to greed and knowledge. According to Karl Marx’s Social and Political Thoughts, â€Å"Only ignorance, religious superstition, and selfishness stood in the way of the needed resolution and reconstruction.† Marx says that ignorance is one of the factors in stopping a full change in any system. Marx especially believed this for the capitalistic system. What would Karl marx think of how to achieve enlightenment? Enlightenment in a philosophical standpoint would to be aware and self acting of your actions and not controlled by outside beings or thinkers. Karl Marx would think that enlightenment would be when one is not ignorant of the situation around them and to lose the power of greed and money in ones life. Marx would aline with a socialist perspective of enlightenment which in his eyes would be to free himself and everyone from the chains of a corrupt system. According to Cyril Smith in the Hegel, Marx and the Enlightenment: an Interim Report, â€Å"It was this Enlightenment conception which underlay the idea of nearly all varieties of socialism. The socialists wanted to overcome the lunacy ofShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx And Robert B. Reich And Their View On Economics1584 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion: Karl Marx and Robert B. Reich and their view on Economics† â€Å"All previous historical movements were movements of minorities, or in the interest of minorities. The proletarian movement is the self-conscious, independent movement of the immense majority. The proletariat, the lowest stratum of our present society, cannot stir, cannot raise itself up without the whole superincumbent strata of official society being sprung into the air.† (Page 222). Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto. ThisRead MoreThe Manifesto Of The Communist Party Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The Manifesto of the Communist party is a book written in 1847, by a group of radical workers part the â€Å"Communist League.† Including the radical workers, the group comprised of Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels. They met in London to write a manifesto on their behalf, which would be famously known as the Communist Manifesto. Marx was the principle author, while Engels was mainly focused on editing and assisting. The Communist Manifesto was originally published in London in 1848. TheRead MoreWhy Was There a Struggle Between the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat Which Would Create the Preconditions for Socialism?895 Words   |  4 Pagesto Marx and Engels in  The Manifesto of the Communist Party,  was there inevitably struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, which would create the preconditions for socialism? ___________________ The theories of Karl Marx have influenced some of the world’s greatest thinkers. Marx’s idea of the inevitable class struggle within capitalism and consequent place for a socialist society is professed within ‘The Manifesto of the Communist Party.’ It is necessary to explore why Marx andRead MoreEssay A Comparison of Capitalism and Marxism637 Words   |  3 PagesA Comparison of Capitalism and Marxism This essay will compare the economic principles of capitalism and communism by giving brief historical background on both and describing the two. I will begin with the father of economy, Adam Smith, and finish with the theories of Karl Marx. Adam Smith believed that if everyone behaves selfishly we are doing what is best for the economy of our society. This is what is known as â€Å"enlightened selfishness.† â€Å"Enlightened selfishness† is one of the main elementsRead MoreComparison Between Marx And Rousseau1138 Words   |  5 PagesDue to state laws and policies, Marx and Rousseau both agree men are not living in a free society. In western democracies today, both philosophers’ ideas are clear and visible. Rousseau and Marx both argue in their works that men seek to control property, as a way to control others. Rousseau argues in his work, discourse on the origin of inequality, that man is not equal due to the greed and selfishness of individuals who control the government. Charles Bertram argues that, â€Å" Rousseau believesRead MoreLocke vs. Marx: Views on Property Rights1466 Words   |  6 PagesLocke and Karl Marx, two of the most renowned political philosophers, had many contrasting views when it came the field of political philosophy. Most notably, private property rights ranked high among the plethora of disparities between these two individuals. The main issue at hand was whether or not private property was a natural right. Locke firmly believed that private property was an inherent right, whereas Marx argued otherwise. This essay will examine the views of both Locke and Marx on the subjectRead MoreComparison of Marx, Durkheim and Weber1622 Words   |  7 PagesResponse Pap er #1 Marx, Weber, Durkheim, introducing the godfathers of sociology. Three of the most influential theorists that are debated on and about till our present time. How have three very different individuals in history have maintained the template as we know it to understanding society, which has been over three centuries old? How is it that three different worlds and times in history, has had such familiarization not only for their respected times but a revelation to today’s systems andRead MoreSocial Inequalities During The Industrial Revolution854 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Compare the documents written by Elizabeth Bentley (Factory Work, testimony), Samuel Smiles (Thrift) as well as Karl Marx and Frederick Engels (The Communist Manifesto). To what extent do these documents address social inequalities during the industrial revolution? 768/1,500 (+785) Introduction 174/150 (-24) The advent of the Industrial Revolution in Britain created a duality of Nouveau Rich Bourgeoisie and Critically Poverty Stricken Proletariat. This was created through the move of productionRead MoreMarx vs. Weber: a Comparative Analysis1965 Words   |  8 PagesKarl Marx v. Max Weber: Comparitive Analysis C. Wright Mills places both Weber and Marx in the great tradition of what he calls the sociological imagination a quality that enables us to grasp both history biography and the relationship between the two within society. (Mills, 12) In other words both theorists were dealing with the individual and society not either one to the exclusion of the other. Mills further writes that both Marx and Weber are in that tradition of sociological theorizingRead More The Colliding Dynamics of Class Structure Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesThe rigidity of class structure is the culprit for the vast number of inequities in society. Power is concentrated in the hands of a small sector; leaving a few individuals to have more authority and influence, in comparison to others. The construction of class structure identifies the way groups are divided into social positions. Differences stemming from social position are further exemplified by the accessibility to valuable resources–such as wealth , education, occupation, and status. Those with

Technology And The Cyber World - 2173 Words

In today’s society technology is depended upon more than it ever has. Along with this growth and dependence on technology has come the advancement of wireless technology. From online banking to selling and trading goods and services from remote locations; the possibilities as a result of wireless technology are seemingly endless. Often times we as individuals carry out our everyday business utilizing this technology without ever considering one of the greatest ongoing concerns; security. As technology grows and expands so do the capabilities of our adversaries who carry strong desire to gain access to our most sensitive information. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the threats that are currently being faced in the cyber community and†¦show more content†¦(Tixteco, L., Aguirre, E., Hdez, M., Ruben, G. 2012) The next form of DoS attack is the ICMP flood which has an end goal of utilizing all of the allocated bandwidth for the target machine. (Tixteco, L., Aguirre, E., Hdez, M., Ruben, G. 2012) Typically an ICMP is used for error detection when the destination for IP packets is unreachable. (Kaushik and Joshi, 2010) an ICMP flood attack takes advantage of this process by sending a large amount of ICMP packets to the target which requires a response from the target. Once these responses reach a certain threshold there is no longer any more bandwidth that can be utilize, leaving the target incapable of handling anymore request. (Tixteco, L., Aguirre, E., Hdez, M., Ruben, G. 2012) Finally, the third type of DoS attack is a UDP or User Datagram Protocol Flood. The UDP protocol is simply another way in which similar packets to the ones mentioned above are transferred. In UDP flooding excessive numbers of UDP packets are sent to the target much like the other flooding. This difference with UDP flooding is that is likely to include some form of spoofing and requires the attacker to utilize a larger amount of processing resources, but still has the same end result as the other DoS attacks. (Tixteco, L., Aguirre, E., Hdez, M., Ruben, G. 2012) Now that we have broken down the various types of DoS attacks there is one very important unanswered question; how can these attacks be prevented? TheShow MoreRelatedThe Code Of Ethics For The Cyber Technology World2090 Words   |  9 PagesCyberethics consists of the moral, legal and social issues that involve technology used over the internet. It assesses the social policies and laws that we formulate with response to issues created by the development and use of cyber technology. 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This threat poses risks to the economy, militaries, and governments around the world. The U.S. is at the forefront of the defense of cyber security, but with the endless number of cyber terrorists, the U.S. defense is not enough. Nations need to come together to

World War II and America Free Essays

The world’s greatest war, World War II began in 1939 and lasted for almost six years. It was between two military alliances. On the axis powers were Japan, Germany and the Kingdom of Italy. We will write a custom essay sample on World War II and America or any similar topic only for you Order Now While the allies were lead by United Kingdom, China, Soviet Union and The United States of America. America was not directly involved in the war in the early stages. The necessity increased after the fall of France, the Pearl Harbor incident but mainly when Hitler declared war on U. S. This led to America’s direct involvement in the World War II and helped America to transition from a great power to a super power. World war II started by the deep seated anger in German due to the loss in World War I. Hitler a new leader in Germany transformed it from a defeated state to powerful one with a large army of up to 400,000 men which led to the breaking of the treaty of Versailles (Langley). March 16th 1935 Hitler tore up the treaty of Versailles when he started to build up his army (Nicola Barber) . Although The United States of America had always been an ally in the Second World War its direct involvement did not came after much later. In 1939 its only involvement was to provide arms and ammunition in turn of cash from countries. America was indirectly helping the allies by starving Japan of oil. Winston Churchill repeatedly tried to convince Franklin D. Roosevelt to enter the war but it was after Hitler’s declaration of war, America got directly involved in the war. In 1941 Congress had approved America’s entry into war after which military operations began. Operation Torch on North Africa became US first military operation. German forces surrendered in Tunisia in 1943 and that led to the first US British victory and proved invaluable in changing US public opinion behind the war. The second front for American military action was when Winston Churchill proposed to attack Italy even though there was an urgent need to relieve pressure on Russia from the western front. This attack led to allies invading Italian mainland leading to the capture of Rome. The United States along with other allies continued to attack the Axis powers which led to the retake of Paris in the D-Day Invasion. In the Tokyo Bombing Raids American bombers destroyed up to 250,000 buildings and killed 83,000 in massive fire bombing. It continued to play an important part in the attacks on the Axis Powers, till the end of the war where it dropped two atomic bombs in Japan bringing the war to an end. It is clearly seen by the events of the war that although America was not involved directly at first in the war it played a pivotal role once it became directly involved and it’s most important role was that of bringing the war to an end by destroying one of the main Axis powers, Japan, completely. It is often wondered how The United States Of America reached its position of dominance in the world. And it would not be wrong to link its rise a super power to the results and events of World War II. The characteristics of super power are firstly having a strong stable economy, secondly overpowering military, thirdly immense international political power and lastly strong national ideology. Before the war America was seen as a great power along with many other powerful strong nations like Russia and Britain. It was only after the war that The United States of America emerged as a strong super power and still holds that position. Even in years before the war America was amongst the largest producers in the world. At that time there was no country that had that immense power over the international system. Britain and France were in imperial decline which caused them to lose their international standing. Although America from the start had a stable economy due to the presence of natural resources like oil and steel. Yet its rise to super power was when it surpassed Europe as a major power. Europe was a part of many large destructive wars that left it completely bankrupt and destroyed most of its infra structure which lead to the fall of Europe. Europe being directly involved in wars like the World War I and World War II left it far behind in the race of super powers. America which was although involved in the World War II faced much less damaged compared to the destruction faced by Europe. Soviet Union also a major power failed in the race of super power because of the damages it faced from the World War II but mainly it dropped out because of the fall of the So that left America as the only dominating power in the world which had a stable and large economy with a huge military advantage and immense power over international matters. America was one of the main Allies in the World War II yet it did not face much destruction like other allies it continued to grow and kept its economy stable. And when the other allies failed to rise up America stood as a strong nation. Even when The United States of America was involved in World War II it was not dragged down like other allies including Britain and Soviet Union. This led to the creation of a super power. A country that before the war was just a great power became a super power. Works Cited Langley, Andrew. Living Through World War II. n. d. Nicola Barber, Ken Hills. Headlines of World War II. n. d. How to cite World War II and America, Essays

James Bond films Essay Example

James Bond films Essay James Bond is a simple secret agent based on the books by Ian Fleming that were first created in the early 1950s, but has become an international British legend and the most successful film franchise ever. In forty years, twenty films have been made starring five different actors, each film being as brilliant and unique as the previous one. The Bond formula has remained successful because of the large number of differences and similarities between each film as well as the many simple characteristics of the Bond franchise. The charm, wit and heroic figure of James Bond has for many years made men want to be Bond and women want to be with Bond. Over the forty years, James Bond has developed many trademarks which are due to the effects of music, action, special editing and of course the unique plot of each film thought up by Ian Fleming. The opening sequence of every Bond film starts off with Bond in a dinner suit walking across the screen with a point-of-view shot from the barrel of a gun. Bond then abruptly turns and shoots the person aiming the gun; blood pours down the screen, and then cuts to the next shot. Every time a person watches this sequence, they can immediately establish that it is a James Bond film not only due to the special editing, but also the music. Bond has a world famous theme tune which is another trademark. In both the credit scenes of Goldfinger and Goldeneye, the soundtrack is sung by women with very strong, powerful voices who are Tina Turner and Shirley Bassie. We will write a custom essay sample on James Bond films specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on James Bond films specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on James Bond films specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The title of the film is continuously mentioned in the song and onscreen, there are silhouettes of girls or reflections of them on gold. This effect helps the audience to establish the genre of the film. The way Bond is introduced into each film usually has an impact on the audience. In Goldeneye, the audience sees a man on a mission dressed in black, however they are denied the mans identity, therefore many questions are raised such as Who is that? and What is he doing? . Suspense builds when the man does a bungee jump and the audience wonders why and whether he will survive or not. During this sequence, sound effects also add to the tension with plenty of diagetic sounds such as his footsteps, the plane and the loud gate. As the bungee jump is performed, there is a long silent and dramatic pause that is then broken by the sound of a gunshot which turns out to be one of Bonds numerous gadgets to draw him safely towards the ground. These all give the effect of action, drama and mystery which thrill the audience because it is exactly what they expect from a Bond film. In other films, Bond does not always appear in the opening sequence, and for instance, other men, whose identities are denied, will appear during the action and then may get killed to mislead the audience to wonder whether that was Bond who just died. However in Goldfinger, Bond enters in a wetsuit underwater, in low key lighting with a seagull on his head as a disguise. This time the only mystery is what Bond is up to but the use of a seagull creates humour and cuts any tension there may be within the audience. The audience then simply has to watch as Bond typically plants a bomb in the building. Once he completes this task, he simply removes his wetsuit to reveal an immaculately dressed secret agent in a dinner suit. This is a typical image of James Bond tiny characteristics such as his sartorial elegance is exactly what makes him such a unique character. In the opening sequence of Goldeneye, the loud diagetic sound of a plane is heard from a helicopter shot of an enormous dam which cuts straight to the man on a mission. The helicopter shot achieves the image of one man against an immense monolithic adversary which emphasises Bonds heroic figure. It is also clear to see that James Bond is typically British with his unusual politeness as well as his accent and dialogue. For example, in Goldeneye, he sneaks up on an enemy in the toilets and just before he punches the man, Bond says, Beg your pardon, forgot to knock. It is his iconic Englishness that also makes Bond a unique and memorable secret agent. James Bond is admired by women for his good looks and charms; however he does not always appear to be the perfect gentleman. Bond easily knows how to seduce a woman, by simply using his charms, although the audience does notice how quickly his behaviour changes in different situations. In Goldfinger, he is seen with three different women in the first few scenes alone. After seducing each one, he first uses one woman as a shield against an attacking enemy, and then later dismisses a woman in a rude and sexist manner. He appears to be charming but is remorselessly brutal when he needs to be. The way Bond quickly seduces different women, but never thinks about a more long-term partner emphasises the idea of working alone. James Bond is always working by himself never as part of a team and this also adds to his brave and heroic figure. There is always a villain in every Bond film, usually just as brutal as Bond and will do anything to defeat him. In Goldeneye the smartly dressed villain enters with an army of men aiming guns at Bond. When one of the men try to shoot Bond after being ordered not to, he is immediately shot by the villain. Similarly to Bond, the villain is brutal and feels no remorse for his actions. It seems the villain can never be any real threat towards Bond because all James Bond films have become predictable to a certain extent and the audience knows that the chances of Bond being killed are almost impossible. It is the special features of every Bond film such as the character of Bond, girls, villains, cars, gadgets, his iconic Englishness and of course the plot, which is what makes the Bond formula so successful. The James Bond franchise is so successful that spoofs have been created to try and match its fame, such as Austin Powers, but of course these could never match the success achieved by Bond.

Grand Apartheid in South Africa

Grand Apartheid in South Africa Apartheid is often loosely divided into two parts: petty and grand apartheid. Petty Apartheid was the most visible side of Apartheid. It was the segregation of facilities based on race. Grand Apartheid refers to the underlying limitations placed on black South Africans’ access to land and political rights.  These were the laws that prevented black South Africans from even living in the same areas as white people. They also denied black Africans political representation, and, at its most extreme, citizenship in South Africa. Grand Apartheid hit its peak in the 1960s and 1970s, but most of the important land and political rights laws were passed soon after the institution of Apartheid in 1949. These laws also built on legislation that limited black South Africans’ mobility and access to land dating back as far as 1787. Denied Land and Citizenship In 1910, four previously separate colonies united to form the Union of South Africa and legislation to govern the â€Å"native† population soon followed. In 1913, the government passed the Land Act of 1913. This law made it illegal for black South Africans to own or even rent land outside of native reserves, which amounted to just 7-8% of South African land. (In 1936, that percentage was technically increased to 13.5%, but not all of that land was ever actually turned into reserves.)  Ã‚   After 1949, the government began moving to make these reserves the homelands of black South Africans. In 1951 the Bantu Authorities Act gave increased authority to tribal leaders in these reserves. There were 10 homesteads in South African and another 10 in what is today Namibia (then governed by South Africa). In 1959, the Bantu Self-Government Act made it possible for these homesteads to be self-governing but under the power of South Africa. In 1970, the Black Homelands Citizenship Act declared that black South Africans were citizens of their respective reserves and not citizens of South Africa, even those who had never lived in their homesteads. At the same time, the government moved to strip the few political rights black and colored individuals had in South Africa. By 1969, the only people permitted to vote in South Africa were those who were white. Urban Separations As white employers and homeowners wanted cheap black labor, they never tried to make all black South Africans live in the reserves. Instead, they enacted the 1951 Group Areas Act which divided urban areas by race and required the forced relocation of those people – usually black – who found themselves living in an area now designated for people of another race. Inevitably, the land allocated to those classified as black was furthest away from city centers, which meant long commutes to work in addition to poor living conditions. Blamed juvenile crime on the long absences of parents who had to travel so far to work. Limiting Mobility Several other laws limited the mobility of black South Africans. The first of these were the pass laws, which regulated the movement of black people in and out of European colonial settlements. Dutch colonists passed the first pass laws at the Cape in 1787, and more followed in the 19th century. These laws were intended to keep black Africans out of cities and other spaces, with the exception of laborers. In 1923, the government of South Africa passed the Native (Urban Areas) Act of 1923, which set up systems- including mandatory passes- to control the flow of black men between urban and rural areas. In 1952, these laws were replaced with the Natives Abolition of Passes and Coordination of Documents Act. Now all black South Africans, instead of just men, were required to carry passbooks at all times. Section 10 of this law also stated that black people who did not â€Å"belong† to a city – which was based on birth and employment – could stay there for no more than 72 hours.  The African National Congress protested these laws, and Nelson Mandela famously burned his passbook in protest at the Sharpeville Massacre.

Things you probably didn`t know about British student life

Things you probably didn`t know about British student life Interesting facts from the history of British student life British student life was quite interesting and exciting even during the Middle Ages. It was full of various traditions, riots, revelries, and characters†¦ Women were not always welcome in academia The male students of Cambridge University didn`t want female students to be granted with the full degrees. In 1897, they hung an effigy of a female cyclist from Cambridge Senate House to show their disapproval. Only in 1948 women could finally get the full degrees. In the late 19th century the first female colleges were established. Women had the opportunity to receive education. However, their student life was not easy. Female students were narrowly watched and tightly scheduled. The violent student protests There was an increasing tension between the local people and Oxford`s students. The St Scholastica Day riot of 1355 became the bloodiest conflict in British student history. There was a violent pub brawl between two scholars and the taverner. After that, the armed struggle began. The medical students had the conflict over vivisection which lasted almost seven years. They scuffled with police, let off stink bombs during court cases, and attacked effigies of a local magistrate. In 1907 a lot of students marched on London in order to defend their rights. In 2010 the student protests spilled over into violence on the streets of London. Students breached the peace, smashing windows, throwing eggs, and setting off the smoke bombs. As a result, 153 students were arrested. The admittance of the young students Nowadays, a lot of the senior students can laugh at the freshmen, who can behave like little children. However, during the Tudor and Stuart periods it was quite normal to admit the students in the age of 12 to the university. The process of gaining a university degree was very long. Those young students could impress their tutors with the astonishing knowledge of different languages and subjects. The boundless merrymaking Students have enjoyed a bit of revelry since the earliest times. St Andrews University is known for its party atmosphere. The tradition of the ‘Raising Weekend’ was something special. Students had several days of parties and challenges which usually ended with a foam fight. That is how the academic family welcomed its freshmen. In the 16th century, the students of Cambridge University usually entertained their peers with the satirical comedies. Everybody was drinking and singing until the morning. They even made fun of the local people. Sometimes, such celebrations could be uncontrollable, so the university authorities were forced to ban such revelry for three years. A warm welcome of foreign students Foreign students could study at the British universities since the 12th century. Many of them faced suspicion, hostility, discrimination, and prejudice. However, a large number pained a positive picture of their student life in Britain as a foreigner. Edward Atiyah, who was born in the Ottoman Empire, was treated with friendliness and kindness while studying at Oxford. He didn`t feel that he was a stranger among the English people. He had positive experience of studying in another country. Samuel Satthianadhan was the Indian student, who studied at Cambridge in the 1870s. He felt himself quite comfortable studying with British students. He had not any feeling of awkwardness. Moreover, the British universities welcomed a lot of the refugee students during the two world wars. Student life was remarkably regulated The student life was not always the time of freedom. In the Middle Ages, students` behavior and morals were significantly controlled. Students were supposed to be sober in character and honest in life. They hadn`t enough time for the extra-curricular activities they were interested in. Students practices archery or took walks speaking in Latin. In 1410 the authorities of Oxford University issued a decree which enforced the students to live in the university halls to prevent them from visiting brothels and taverns at night. Universities weren`t just for the rich It is a popular belief that only children from the wealthy families could study at the first British universities. The medieval Oxford, St Andrews, and Cambridge admitted students from the middle-ranking families. By the 17th century the sizarships were established. Sizars had to work as university servants in order to pay the reduced fees. It was rather degrading for them, but such early bursary system gave many bright minds the opportunity to get the higher education.

Assess the extent to which governments shape the global oil economy Essay

Assess the extent to which governments shape the global oil economy. In your analysis, consider the respective roles of nature, industrial structure and war - Essay Example y by oil prices, since it is the major economic activities in such countries factors such as political corruption, foreign debt, militarization, and power intervention are problems that this countries experience. Energy is a key driver of growth and industrialization in this century. The current global economy relies heavily on oil as a form of energy, manufacturing, transport and other key industry depend on oil either directly or indirectly. Some of the household goods as well as cooking gas is as a result of oil, hence, the global population depends heavily on oil. Due to this reasons oil prices have been reported to be very volatile, and this has affected both developed and developing nations. Fluctuations of oil prices shift political balances around the globe. When the oil prices are high the exporters tend to gain power, but face severe challenges when the prices drops (Bridge and Le billion, 2012). The need to control sources of oil has historically made many countries to go to war. For instance, the US paced an oil embargo over Japan, which obstructed 80 percent of its oil supply. This then prompted Japan to join World War II with the embargo being one of their key motivator. Oil industry is a continuous process that involves extraction of oil from the earth. There are two levels in this industry structure, upstream and downstream. Upstream comprises activities such as explorations, looking for oil bearing lands, construction of gas separators and oil well infrastructure. Downstream comprises of activities such as transportation that is sometimes done through pipelines, railroads and tankers; refining, which is the process of converting crude oil to usable products such as gasoline and fuel oil; and finally marketing that is done by setting up petrol stations. This industry is capital intensive despite using sophisticated technology in present times (Bridge and Le billion, 2012). Everything from production requires large amount of capitals and this has

Mcdonald's case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Mcdonald's - Case Study Example In 2003, McDonalds reinvented its mission/vision by implementing a â€Å"Plan to win† strategy that focuses on becoming â€Å"bigger, not just better†. Action plans in implementing this strategy are to increase sales in every geographic segment of the business; to offer relevant menu to its 60 million customers per day, and to gain the confidence of stockholders by the profitability of its operation. McDonald uses 5 key strategies in implementing this plan, i.e. product, price, people, place and promotion (McDonalds 2009 annual report). In increasing sales in every geographic segment of the business thru franchising. Focused on brand availability, menu variety, beverage choice, convenience and day part expansion. McDonalds introduced McCafe and premium Angus third pounder, focused on classic favorites like big Mac and Quarter Pounder, and emphasized affordability in the US market; and in mid-2010s introduced frappes and smoothies. In all areas of operations, reinvestment was done in the facilities and equipments, opened stores in convenient areas, extended store hours, build up its drive through systems and offered locally relevant selections. The strategy included advertising and promotions. In U.S, drive-through systems, and cafà ©-ambiance were developed; in Europe, the portable snacks were popularized; in Germany, breakfast time was introduced and designed the same strategies in other areas where McDonalds is present. McDonalds joined the bandwagon of globalization and has developed franchised business in 119 countries. In 2010, McDonalds has 32,737 franchise units all over the world, an increase of 28% from 21,078 units in 2009 (McDonald’s Annual Report). This means the company has to work with franchise owners with diverse cultures, religion and ethnicity. The tactics of McDonalds is to adopt its menu to the culture and taste of the region, to hire and train locals to work in the

Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) of Vodafone

Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) of Vodafone Introduction Strategic Human Resource Management is a modern day business concept that has been now been widely used the organization; the crux of the concept is that all the human resource activities of the companies should be aligned with the organizational corporate objectives. In this assignment we are required to select an organization of our choice and then analyze their strategic human resource practices, we are required to see that how the practices and strategies of human resources department are aligned with the companys objective. What are the areas that are performing well and what the areas that need the improvement are? For this I have selected leading telecom company of UK. Vodafone has been the market leader with their continued growth in UK and other parts of the world. This paper will analyze two dimensions, one is their strategies for recruitment, selection, learning, development and training and I shall explain how these strategies are maximizing employee performance and are linked with corporate strategies. The second part of this paper will present the performance management processes of the organization we shall how this organization manages the performance of their employees and how human resource department is managing the employee relations. Introduction to the Company Vodafone is a leading telecom player in the UK and other parts of the world including India. The products and services they provide are of high quality and high standards and the market they are operating is highly competitive. The nature of competition requires the management of the company to have a strategic clarity and all the business operations should be working in same direction. Their service portfolio includes mobile phone connection including 2G and 3G networks, broadband internet in homes and on mobiles (www.vodafone.com, 2011). In order to understand the strategic human resource activities of the organization is very important to understand that what company all about is. Their vision values and business orientation are the key drivers that are driving the human resource management department (www.vodafone.com, 2011). Company Vision They see their future in outstanding data services and products backed up by the best customer experience in the business. Their journey has already begun, with things like Mobile Internet and Mobile Broadband. And their Vodafone at home fixed broadband service. And their targets are big, which means millions of customers using their data services every day (www.vodafone.com, 2011). Company Values Speed They are focused on speed to market, they relentlessly priorities and pursue the outcomes that matter to our business. Simplicity They make things simple for their customers, partners and colleagues. Trust They are reliable and transparent to deal with. They deliver for others, and trust others to do likewise Literature Review of Strategic HRM: Strategic Human Resource Management is a modern day business concept that is now being practiced in many of the organizations, its acceptability and practice is increasing with the time as organization have realized that this management philosophy is actually adding value to business profitability in many indirect ways . As we know that human resources are one of the most important resources of that a company can have, their ability to participate in development of companies sustainable competitive advantage is unquestionable, in past the human resource management has been a separate department with no influence and participation in strategic management of the company. Whatever have been the corporate strategies companies were not linking the human resources management with it. The result of which was the disintegration of companys objective and human resource management, this scenario made the human resource participation in sustainable competitive advantage limited. (Appleby Mavin, 2000). With the evolution of modern business era, that has started from 1980s, the management practitioners and commentators has been feeling the need of taking the companies to one direction, and they have also realized that it very important that human resource department should be made part of the strategy formulation process and their human resource strategies should be made while keeping in mind the business strategy of the organization. Therefore the researchers came up with the concept which is called the Strategic Human Resource Management, that enables the HR department to derive their practices from the corporate strategy and they are also made part while making the business strategy (Armstrong, 2006). Strategic Human Resource Management requires the dept being proactive rather than being reactive, they are required to adjust themselves according to the human resource need of the company. They are also required to foresee the upcoming needs of the company and then plan beforehand accordingly (McMahan et al., 1998). Strategies for Recruitment, Retention, Training Learning Vodafone is a market leader in their category, they have a competitive advantage because of their diversification in products, services and marketing strategies, therefore their corporate objective is to sustain their marketing leader position with the help of their diversification. Below is the snapshot of HR strategies for various HR functions of the organization that tells us the organization is linking their business strategy with their human resource strategy: Recruitment Selection Vodafones recruitment and selection process is aligned with their business strategy, as they are in the business of providing services and their market position is a leader with differentiations, therefore when they recruit individuals on different seats, they have set of core competencies that are required for each position and they check these while hiring someone(Armstrong, 2006). Their selection process makes sure that the right person with right set of capacities and attitude is selected, for example if they are hiring for the position of customer service they would make sure that person being hired has the soft skills, the empathic attitude and is not aggressive in nature. They have devised a set of such soft skills that are evaluated on each of the hiring and these skills vary from position to position. For managerial level position they make sure they hire someone with good analytical skill along with flare of leadership in them. So in Vodafone the entire selection process is linked with the corporate objectives (Armstrong, 2006). Compensation Benefits Vodafones entire compensation and benefits are also linked with business strategy, their remuneration systems and annual appraisal systems are derived from corporate strategy. Since our case company is working in highly competitive environment and they have to maintain their market leadership position therefore they have designed their compensation system that encourages the quality individuation to work in this organization. They provide they employees with state of the art facilities and salary packages so that the best in the industry are attracted to work in the company and then they play their part in making the organization a market leader (Armstrong, 2006). His annual appraisal system is also managed strategically, in Vodafone, every department has their quarterly and annual objectives, and these objectives are then used to make the individual and teams quarterly and annual objectives. Now when performance appraisal is done, Vodafones human resource department makes the objective achievement the part of the appraisal system and all the increments in salary and bonuses are linked with the objective achievement in teams and individuals. For their objective achievement calculation they make sure that performance objective are time bound, quantifiable and measureable (Armstrong, 2006). Training Development Training and Development is an important component of their human resource strategy. They keep on adding value in their human resources by training them on hard skill and soft skill whatever is required by the nature and role of the job. The processes start from indentifying the training needs of each of the department. They after understanding the objective of the each of the department for the coming year, asks the relevant managers to identify and evaluate the individuals in their teams that require the training and development in certain areas of their job. These training needs can be of soft skill and also can be of hard skills that are directly related to the job (McMahan et al., 1998). Once the training needs are indentified then human resource department manages the training calendar of the year, in which all the required training are mentioned and employees are sent for on job and off job training. Human resource department also have the eye on the upcoming expansions and technological developments in the market so the relevant employees can be trained before the time and they are ready to work when there is any technological advancement and change in the organization. Learning Human resource department of the organization put special emphasis on developing the learning culture within the organization. Employees are encouraged to share their experiences and learning with each other so that team members can have a learning culture in the organization. Since Vodafone is working in different geographical regions of the county, therefore they make sure that employees are encouraged the learnings regarding technical and marketing knowledge with each other, so that employee of one region can learn from the experience of the other region (Armstrong, 2006). As discussed above they also send employee on training, they also send different employees of different department to their different geographical markets so that they can have the training of various situations and have the understanding of various markets, that rotation also helps employees and increase the learning within the organization. Career Building Since attracting and retaining the quality employee is challenge for the organizations working in todays competitive market, therefore Vodafone have the policy of having a clear and well defined career path for each of their employee. This clarity of career path makes it clear for employee that where they should see themselves after spending different number of years in the company. The department also makes sure that all the career advancement of the employees are based on their performance and every top performing employee should have the advancement in their career, this policy helps to control the employee turnover and encourage employees to work hard and perform as they would have the chance to grow (Armstrong, 2006). Empowerment Vodafone is working in competitive environment and to stay ahead of competition it is very important for organizations to have the fast and correct decision making. Therefore the human resource department put the special emphasis on empowering the employee for timely decision making. For this purpose they have worked in devolution of power, decentralization of decision making and flatter organizational culture. They have been working on the dimensions on giving the employee the power of making the less critical decisions and top management should only be making decision that are or critical nature are of strategic importance. This empowerment of employees gives them sense of responsibility, increases their commitment towards the organization and save the precious business time that is required to take the decision from top management (Armstrong, 2006). Retention As it is very important for organizations working in competitive business environment, Vodafones human resource practices also work in the same way, they try to retain their quality employees to go to the competition. Their retention strategies revolve around the good compensation and benefits, pay per performance, rewards and increments on good performance and then having the well defined promotional system that gives the chance to every employee to perform and build their careers and then grow. Their retention policy is derived from the strategic objective of the organization to be diversified in their business, and same is the case in their human resource management (Armstrong, 2006). Performance Management Employee Relations Below we shall see that performance management is done in Vodafone, these lines will presented the different methodologies and practices that are being adapted in the performance management section of strategic HRM of company. Determination of Performance Targets The first step in strategic performance management of the organization is to determine the required performance targets of the organization for the year. These targets are derived by combining number of activities, first of all market analysis is done; the management analyze the external environment so that market growth trends and competitors market share can be understand. Once this step is done management have the background information for dominating the organizational performance for next year, then the next step is to decide and agree upon the performance targets, once the corporate level targets are decided then these targets are divided into department level targets. These department level targets are then reflected in individual level targets and objectives.(Wall, 2007). Encouraged Individual Commitment Vodafone has realized the importance of encouraging the employee commitment towards organizational objective, as without this commitment employees will not be able to achieve the performance that organization is expecting them to achieve. Once organization is able to make the organizational objectives the target of the individual then we can see the success rate of achieving this objective is high. Therefore Vodafone increases the employee commitment to the organizational objectives by involving them in the objective making process (Rheem, 1996). It has been the practice in the Vodafone that managers and teams decide their performance targets themselves and once these are approved by the management their personal commitment to these targets is high. They strive and struggle more to achieve the targets that has been made in consultation with them (Wall, 2007). Delegation, Mentoring and Coaching There are some other activities that play their role in strategic management of the performance of the organization, Vodafone on the also using the three of the activities that are delegation of power with responsibility, proper mentoring and feedback system, and coaching (Wall, 2007). Vodafone believes in delegation of power to the employees that are responsible for achieving certain targets, as responsibility comes with authority, same is the philosophy that is applied throughout the Vodafone. Their culture is devolution of power so de-centralization, they try to give maximum power to their employees so that they can achieve their responsibilities with given authority. Vodafone also believes in mentoring and coaching of employees, managers are encouraged to act as mentor for their team members, this also involves on job training for the teams, this systems encourages learning environment in the organization(Armstrong, 2006). Monitoring and Feedback Monitoring and feedback system is an important part of the organizational performance management; same is the case with Vodafone. They have proper monitoring and feedback system that helps us monitoring the performance and individuals and teams. They have a quarterly performance management system that relates the performance of the employees with their objectives of that quarter. After the evaluation and monitoring of the performance of teams then feedback is provided to them. That system helps the organizational performance on the track and helps the organization to stay on their performance objectives throughout the year (Wall, 2007). Handling Under-Performance Vodafone handles the underperformance of their employees by having a proper monitoring system, they first evaluates the performance of the employees, then if team members are found to be underperforming then they see that if there is any training needs. If there are training needs then employees are sent on training, after the trainings their performance is again monitored. If performance is found satisfactory then it is ok, if again performance is not found satisfactory then employees are replaced to other jobs. Employee Relations Vodafone puts special emphasis on managing good relations with their employees; they believe that their employees are their more important assets, their human resource policies are more focused towards managing their employees relations with the organization. Their performance evaluation, benefits and compensation system is targeted towards retaining their employees and maintaining their motivation with the organization. Conclusion Strategic human resource management is the modern concept that is in practice by different by different organizations, in this paper we have observed the strategic human resource management practices by one of the leading organization in UK. We have observed their organizational objectives with relation to their human resource management activities. The focus of the paper has been on the recruitment selection, training and development and learning functions and their relationship with organizational strategy. It has also been observed that how performance management system is working on strategic guidelines provided by the organization and how it is playing role in competitive advantage.

Betrand Russell – Problems of Philosophy

As humans we naturally believe that the sun will rise tomorrow. But why is it that we believe this? In the following essay I will explore the logic behind this question focusing on Bertrand Russell’s arguments of induction, and the uniformity of nature as presented in his book â€Å"The Problems of Philosophy† Russell’s principle of the uniformity of nature suggests humans and animals fall into the trap of believing that everything that has and will happen becomes a â€Å"general law with no exceptions† (Russell, 63). In other words, the more frequently something occurs, the more certain it is to occur again.Russell provides an example citing the relationship between a chicken and a farmer. When the chicken sees the farmer coming everyday, he assumes, as per usual, that he will be fed, but ultimately one day the farmer will kill the chicken (Russell, 63). This is the trap that we frequently fall into by becoming too accustomed to what has already occurred, and assuming that it will always happen again. Russell argues that this is because humans use inductive logic to generate these general laws, which are used as the basis for the uniformity of nature (Russell, 66).This principle of induction states that the more times we see two things to be associated, the greater the certainty that this association is accurate (Russell, 67). An example is the rising of the sun. Through inductive logic we have determined that every morning, the sun will inherently rise (Russell, 64). There is however, a small chance that the world’s rotational force could stop which would result in the sun not rising. However, as inductive logic brings us to â€Å"certainty without limit†, it is seemingly impossible that the sun wouldn’t rise, based on the billions of times it has risen in the past (Russell, 69).This is where I believe there is an issue in Russell’s argument. I believe that there is no legitimate evidence supporting the relationship between induction and the uniformity of nature. In my opinion regardless of how many times the sun comes up; the chance of the sun rising the next day, does not change. From this I conclude that induction is not a proper way of determining whether or not the sun will rise, because there is still an unchanging probability that it will not.Russell counters this by arguing that through induction we can approach a level of â€Å"almost certainty, without limit† (Russell, 67). I believe this to be a fallacy as well because this statement in itself is an oxymoron. It suggests that there are different degrees of certainty, which is contrary to the definition of certainty itself. While I do believe that the sun will rise tomorrow, my belief is routed in the uniformity of nature, not in induction, as I am not convinced of this â€Å"certainty† which induction requires.Russell would once again refute this suggesting that it’s not the level of certainty, but r ather the probability of the sun rising that increases. I however, believe that this probability cannot change. Each sunrise is independent of one another, just as each flip of a coin is. Regardless of how many heads in a row I get, I cannot by any logical measure deduce that the coin will always flip heads. Similarly, I cannot conclude that the sun will always rise just because it has in the past. Based on these grounds, the argument of induction does not stand, and hence, is not related to the uniformity of nature.

Why George Orwell Chose to Shoot the Elephant - 752 Words

Why did he shoot the elephant? There are many different reasons as to why George Orwell chose to shoot the Elephant in the short story, †Shooting an Elephant†. In the following essay, there will be a wide and deep response of why George Orwell chose to shoot the elephant in the end. The first and primary reason for George Orwell shooting the elephant is simply Orwell being afraid. He was originally not intending to shoot the elephant; he merely brought the rifle for his own protection. â€Å"I had no intention of shooting the elephant – I had merely sent for the rifle to defend myself if necessary – and it is always unnerving to have a crowd following you. I marched down the hill, looking and feeling a fool, with the rifle over my shoulder†¦show more content†¦Orwell claims that a white man must not be frightened in front of â€Å"natives†, so he wasn’t, but who knows, he might have been just as afraid for his own life as the natives. To sum up the reasoning behind George Orwell shooting the elephant, one must conclude, that there had been put great pressure on his shoulders. He had two ways to go, both with major problems. Some might say he chose the right thing, while others will be opposed, but one thing is right. He did it for the better ofShow MoreRelatedPolitics And Economy By George Orwell806 Words   |  4 Pagesand behavior. George Orwell demonstrates the quote by Ruskin in his piece of writing Shooting an Elephant. This story not only applies to the first, but also the second sentence of the quote. When Ruskin states, â€Å"what we think or what we believe is, in the end, of little consequence,† he is explaining how daily thoughts are not taken into account. He finishes the quote by saying, â€Å"the only consequence is what we do.† This says that the only thing people judge are our actions. Orwell has this sameRead More Shooting An Elephant Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pages The story that my evaluation will be based on is Shooting an Elephant written in 1936. The author George Orwell was born in 1903 in India to a British officer raised in England. He attended Eton College, which introduced him to England’s middle and upper classes. He was denied a scholarship, which led him to become a police officer for the Indian Imperial in 1922. He served in Burma until resigning in 1927 due to the lack of respect for the justice of British Imperialism in Burma and India. HeRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 933 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwell: Killing an Elephant Throughout history, empires from all over world, from different time periods, have been successful in acquiring vast majority of land from powerless nations. All of this is better known as imperialism. Empires look to expand and gain capital by acquiring raw materials, land, and labor. 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He was very outspoken and blunt about his views against the tyrannical British rule and openly opposed its nature. One of the reasons why he was acclaimed as one of the best writers of the era was because of his lucid prose and the other was the aptness of his work. George Orwell wanted to target the British rule and to support the idea of a Democratic Government. In the essay ‘Shooting an Elephant’, Orwell shows the flaw in the system and how beingRead MoreVictimization : A Postcolonial Reading Of George Orwellsshooting An Elephant 1915 Words   |  8 PagesBeyond the Obvious Victimization: A Postcolonial Reading of George Orwell’s â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† In my short teaching career, I have experienced two paralyzing instances of student tears in class that required my response. One of those such instances was in response to reading George Orwell’s essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†: my sensitive student was so sad about the elephant’s fate that she needed to leave class to recover from her grief. Such a reaction is not unreasonable to Orwell’s tragicRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Plea For Understanding2384 Words   |  10 PagesKervick 10 Orwell?s Plea for Understanding George Orwell has gone done in history as one of the greatest novelists of the Twentieth Century. His works Animal Farm and 1984 have been acclaimed masterpieces of social commentary. While his less known work ?Shooting an Elephant? is perceived as imperial criticism, it is actually much more. It constitutes his public declaration of why he chose to leave his job, live for years with the poorest of the poor and flip his political views upside down. Born

Islam A Monotheistic Religion - 1705 Words

Islam is a monotheistic religion that is based on the belief and worship of Allah (swt) and that Muhammad is his messenger. Islam is also the word that comes from the root word (salma) which means peaceful submission to Allah (swt). In the religion of Islam there are five pillars: Shahada (the Muslim profession of faith), Salah (prayer), seam (fasting), zakat (charity), and hajj (pilgrimage). In Islam we are informed about many things about the day of judgment which is the fifth pillar of Iman like why is important, and important to believe in it, effect it has on a Muslim’s life and character, signs of the day of judgment, and some events that will occur in the future pertaining to the day of judgment. However, we do not know many†¦show more content†¦This also encourages Muslims to have ihsaan: excellence, to believe in God without the slightest speck of doubt, and to worship Allah (swt) as if you can see him and understanding that even if you can see him then he s ees you. This can provide good actions and strive against evil. Also if we would not have had something like this spreads peace and love in a society because of we would not have something like this then society will probably become animalistic, fear will probably prevail, trials would be spread, virtue would be lost, and lowliness overcomes all life. Also in Islam prophets, Muslims, and not even angels are informed of the time or date of the Day of Judgment. However, we are informed of minor and major signs of the Day of Judgment. Some minor signs include: the distance on the Earth will be short, time will pass quickly, killing will increase, women will be wearing clothes but not wearing clothes, Adultery will become wide spread, and the drinking of wine will become common. Minor signs of the Day of Judgment are numerous and there is no specific number, some have happened in the past, some are currently happening in the present and some will happen in the future. These signs h ave effect on people they humble them, make them more religious and open their eyes because many of these signs have occurred already. After the minor signs occur then come the major signs which in Islam is describes and when you cut a bracelet and all the beadsShow MoreRelatedIslam, A Monotheistic Religion1290 Words   |  6 Pages Islam, a monotheistic religion, means submitting one’s will to Allah’s will. When Allah created the Universe, He did not invite anyone to challenge His creation. Allah has a purpose for everything He creates, therefore He does not need to explain what He does to His creation. Allah has sent messengers to convey to the human kind what is legal and illegal for them. He gave His creation different abilities; however, He has given humans the ability to obey or disobey Him. 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Islam has spread quickly during the time and today the religion is, by a few estimations, the biggest on the planet. Devotees of Islam are called Muslims. The Arabic word Islam signifies accommodation, mirroring the confidence s focal precept of submitting to Allah. IslamicRead MoreIslam : A Monotheistic Religion Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesIslam is a monotheistic religion that was founded in Saudi Arabia during the seventh century AD. The belief stems from a man who lived from 570 AD to 632 known as Muhammad, he is known to be the last prophet of god to Muslims. In contrast to Christian beliefs, Jesus, like Muhammad, was a messenger for the word of God, who is better known as â€Å"Allah†. In comparison with both Christianity and Judaism, Islam takes prophets from both reli gions; Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, and apply it to theirRead MoreWhat Is Islam? : The Monotheistic Religions Of Islam2261 Words   |  10 PagesWhat Is Islam? The monotheistic religion of Islam was developed in the Arabian Peninsula in the seventh century by the prophet Muhammad. Followers of this religion are called Muslims. To become a Muslim one simply has to confess â€Å"There is no one but God; and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah†. (Sardar, 2007, p. 1). This is called the shahadah and creates the basis of the religion. God or Allah, is said to have sent messages through the angel Gabriel which were spoken to Muhammad in Arabic. TheseRead MoreIslam : An Abrahamic Monotheistic Religions1675 Words   |  7 PagesIslam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that believes that there is only one god, Allah. Today, it is one of the fastest-growing major religions in the world with over 1.6 billion followers which makes up 23% of the population. The great religion had a modest beginning and preserved to spread and become the force that it is today. Most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca and Medina in the beginning of the 7th century. The religion was first established by the prophet Muhammad whomRead MoreThe World Monotheistic Religions Of Islam, Christianity, And Judaism981 Words   |  4 Pages The third world monotheistic religions of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, do share this imperative about loving God/Allah with all the mind, heart, soul, and strength, and love one’s neighbor as oneself, which do indeed run contrary to the adversarial processes of managing conflict in the American legal system. 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It implies faith in a unique and absolute God and the mission of His Messenger, Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) which he chose for transmitting its message (Qur’an)Read MoreMonotheistic religions, especially Judaism, Christianity, and Islam promote the belief in One God;1600 Words   |  7 PagesMonotheistic religions, especially Judaism, Christianity, and Islam promote the belief in One God; all that exists is because of God. Through prophets and scripture, God portrays moral goodness and truth. Essentially, these three religions believe that God speaks to us, unveils God’s Being, and seeks to guide us through life. In turn, humans should embody the moral goodness and excellence that is revealed to us by God. These religions are taught based upon both scripture and reason. When readingRead MoreSimilarities of Judaism, Islam, and Chri stianity Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesSimilarities of Judaism, Islam and Christianity There are many religions today that people worship and adapt into their daily lives are their creed. Some may have a lot of gods, while some only have one god. But three of these religions are considered as the major religion practiced by most people in the world today. Although different in some senses in terms of history and other teachings, they all have things in common that most of their followers do not seem to realize. The similarities are